Haloperidol antidote10/31/2022 ![]() ![]() Higher than recommended doses of any formulation and intravenous administration of haloperidol appear to be associated with a higher risk of QTc interval-prolongation and Torsades de Pointes. It should be noted, however, that the pharmacokinetics of haloperidol decanoate following intramuscular injections can be quite variable between subjects.Ĭases of sudden death, QTc interval-prolongation, and Torsades de Pointes have been reported in patients receiving haloperidol (see ADVERSE REACTIONS). The relationship between dose of haloperidol decanoate and plasma haloperidol concentration is roughly linear for doses below 450 mg. ![]() Steady state plasma concentrations are achieved within 2 to 4 months in patients receiving monthly injections. The plasma concentrations of haloperidol gradually rise, reaching a peak at about 6 days after the injection, and falling thereafter, with an apparent half-life of about 3 weeks. Haloperidol also binds to alpha-1 adrenergic receptors, but with lower affinity, and displays minimal binding to muscarinic cholinergic and histaminergic (H 1) receptors.Īdministration of haloperidol decanoate in sesame oil results in slow and sustained release of haloperidol. However, its efficacy could be mediated through its activity as an antagonist at central dopamine type 2 receptors. The mechanism of action of haloperidol for the treatment of schizophrenia is unclear. Haloperidol decanoate is the long-acting form of haloperidol, an antipsychotic. Haloperidol decanoate injection is not approved for the treatment of patients with dementia-related psychosis (see WARNINGS). The extent to which the findings of increased mortality in observational studies may be attributed to the antipsychotic drug as opposed to some characteristic(s) of the patients is not clear. Observational studies suggest that, similar to atypical antipsychotic drugs, treatment with conventional antipsychotic drugs may increase mortality. Although the causes of death were varied, most of the deaths appeared to be either cardiovascular (e.g., heart failure, sudden death) or infectious (e.g., pneumonia) in nature. Over the course of a typical 10-week controlled trial, the rate of death in drug-treated patients was about 4.5%, compared to a rate of about 2.6% in the placebo group. Analyses of seventeen placebo-controlled trials (modal duration of 10 weeks), largely in patients taking atypical antipsychotic drugs, revealed a risk of death in drug-treated patients of between 1.6 to 1.7 times the risk of death in placebo-treated patients. Increased Mortality in Elderly Patients with Dementia-Related PsychosisĮlderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs are at an increased risk of death. ![]()
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